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General remarks to the economy of the village:
For centuries the main source for the income of the residents was agriculture.
In 1704 Hackelhöf was mentioned as a good belonging to Budweis with 10 landowners and an income of 312 strich corn. Lets look at this number.
1 bohemian strich was the same as about 93.58 litres corn.
Additionally 1 strich was the amount that had to be sowd for a field with an area of 1.5 Metzen. 1 Metzen was 0.191821 hectares.
312 Strich corn mean 29,197 litres corn. This was enough sowing for an area of about 90 hectares. It is unknown whether the 312 strich have to be seen as gross or net income.
(conversion facts: 1 hectare = 2.741 acres)
Economic situation for a farmer of Hackelhöf who once owned 18 hectares (49.34 acres) and had only a small amount of livestock:
The income is gross and in Czech currency (KC).
1933: 29,747 KC
1934: 28,586 KC
1935: 26,573 KC
1936: 37,782 KC
1937: 39,024 KC
1938: 27,061 KC
1939: 32,754 KC
1940: 57,332 KC
1941: 56,043 KC
The income made a great step forward between the years 1939 and 1940. This was the start for further investigations.
Price for the selling of a cow with calf:
1933 a cow with calf could be sold for amounts between 1850 KC and 2100 KC 1940 the price was 4350 KC. This was not the main source for the step up of income. While the farmer got for an unknown amount of milk in 1933 about 6369 KC it was 12622 KC in 1940!
Income for the selling of an unkown amount but in the timeline relatively constant ? amount of milk. (The farmer had in 1945 only 9 cows)
1935: 5508 KC
1936: 5744 KC
1937: 6255 KC
1938: 4933 KC
1939: 7633 KC
1940: 12622 KC
1944: 16639 KC
Comparison of prices between 1939 and 1940:
1939 1940
Eggs 594 KC 1714 KC
Milk 7633 KC 12622 KC
1 Calf 238 KC 540 KC
The income boost was inflationary perhaps due to the war. One cannot assume that the farmer really got richer. In any inflationary process the boosting amount of money does not match the amount of goods one can buy for it.
It is obvious that all farmers of Hackelhöf had cows. We can estimate that everyone faced an increase in his (gross) earnings.
Appendix May 2005:
Studying of the weekly newspaper “Der Dorfbote” disvocered the following:
There are strong indications that the farmes had to increase the production of milk. It was seen as very important i.e. for the cheese production.
Premiums had been offered for an increased production.
In the protectorate the Czech Krone was still the official currency. In 1939 for old Czech securities an exchange rate of 100 Krone = 12 Reichsmark had been offered..
At 22th of July 1939 the newspaper “Der Dorfbote” noticed an exchange rate of 1 Krone = 0.10 Reichsmark (RM).
Prices for eggs were - like nearly all prices - fixed by the state. The price for 1 kg eggs was 1939 between 1.54 und 1.86 RM.
The price for wheat was in 1939 between 27 and 28.60 RM for 100 kg. For rye one got between 25 and 26.60 RM (per 100 kg).
Comparison to the hourly wages in 1939:
Hourly worker at a turnip farm: 1.90 RM
Hourly worker who produced animal feed: 1.45 RM
Hourly worker at a wheat farm: 1.70 RM
The yearly subscription of the newspaper “Der Dorfbote” in 1942 charged 74 Krone or 8.12 RM. One had to work nearly 4 hours to afford the newspaper.
Amount of corn products (from 18 hectares gross):
1933 were threshed:
wheat 45 hl (hl = Hectolitre)
corn 140 hl
oats 90 hl
clover 30 kg (Kilogramm)
1936 were threshed:
corn 75 hl
wheat 40 hl
oats 65 hl
clover 130 kg
1944 were threshed:
wheat 30 hl
corn 70 hl
clover 250 kg
oats 100 hl
A production shift from corn to clover and oats did happen. The reason is unknown so far.
What does “corn” mean? In Austria people say corn and mean rye. This special word for rye was usual at Hackelhöf. The residents were former citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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